Pierre de Fermat
Published On :2021-06-14 19:49:00
-Pierre De Fermat
The only events worth noting in his material career are his installation
at Toulouse, at the age of thirty (May 14, 1631), as commissioner of requests;
his marriage on June 1st of the same year to Louise de Long, his mother’s
cousin, who presented him with three sons, one of whom, Clément-Samuel, became
his father’s scientific executor, and two daughters, both of whom took the
veil; his promotion in 1648 to a King’s councillorship in the local parliament
of Toulouse, a position which he filled with dignity, integrity, and great
ability for seventeen years—his entire working life of thirty four years was
spent in the exacting service of the state; and finally, his death at Castres
on January 12, 1665, in his sixty fifth year, two days after he had finished
conducting a case in the town of his death. “Story?” he might have said; “Bless
you, sir! I have none.” And yet this tranquilly living, honest, even-tempered,
scrupulously just man has one of the finest stories in the history of
mathematics.
I shall consider separately
his investigations in the theory of numbers. The theory of numbers appears to have
been the favorite study of Fermat. He prepared an edition of Diophantus, and
the notes and comments thereon contain numerous theorems of considerable
elegance. Most of the proofs of Fermat are lost, and it is possible that some
of them were not rigorous—an induction by analogy and the intuition of genius
sufficing to lead him to correct results. The following examples will
illustrate these investigations.